Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres

A pupil of David, Ingres revered Raphael all his life and believed that “drawing is the probity of art”. His line is pure and exact, and his portraits are especially fine.

He and Delacroix were seen as the two poles of French painting: line and classicism against colour and passion. Yet his deliberately elongated, distorted figures went on to influence Degas and Picasso.